Dual Channel Lock-in Amplifier

Two independent input channels have high synchronicity and can be individually configured as a single-ended mode or a differential voltage mode With the low-noise analog pre-amplifier, the signal input of DXA-001C can be switched to operate in the single-ended or differential voltage mode, and the input noise is 5 nV/√Hz. The input impedance is 10 MΩ and the full-scale input voltage sensitivity ranges from 1 nV to 1V. Besides, DXA-001C can also be used for current measurements with variable current gains of 10^6 or 10^8 V/A. Two line filters (50/60 Hz and 100/120 Hz) are designed to eliminate line related interference. The programmable gain amplifier is provided to adjust the dynamic reserve of the system according to the magnitude of the input signal, so that DXA-001C has an inherently large dynamic reserve up to 100dB. The sampling rate of 312.5KSPS is determined by a precision 24-bit A/D converter and a specific filter is designed to avoid aliasing.

Two independent reference channels can work in external mode or internal mode. In internal mode, a precise and stable internal oscillator generates sine wave as an internal reference that is multiplied by the input signal. This internal signal is without any phase noise. With the digital phase-shifting technique, the phase resolution of the reference signal is 0.01 deg. DXA-001C can work at any fixed frequency from 1 mHz to 102 kHz in this mode. In external mode, the reference signal can be a sine wave or a TTL pulse or a square wave. The rising or falling edge of the external reference signal triggers the Phase Lock Loop (PLL) to lock the external signal. Based on the frequency of the reference signal, the DXA-001C can detect the harmonics of the input signal. The maximum harmonic signal frequency can reach 32767 times the fundamental frequency, and the maximum harmonic frequency cannot exceed the maximum operating frequency of the instrument by 102 kHz. In addition, the DXA-001C has a single-channel reference mode, in which two independent input channels are locked and measured using the same external reference channel (REF IN A). This mode can further meet the need for higher synchronization requirements.

DXA-001C uses the 5.6 inch 640×480 TFT color display as its screen. Data measured by DXA-001C, such as, X, Y, R, θ, is stored in up to four traces. Trace values can be displayed as a bar graph or as a strip chart showing the trace values as a function of time.

Besides, DXA-001C can display polar plots, showing phasor composed of in-phase and quadrature components of the signal. All displays can be easily scaled by manual operation, and the auto-scale feature is available to optimize display quickly. The screen can be configured as a single large display or two horizontally-split displays.

In the traditional lock-in amplifiers, only the fundamental frequency signal or a certain harmonic signal can be measured at one time, so it can not meet the requirement of multiple-harmonic measurement in some occasions. On the contrary, DXA-001C uses a flexible digital framework combining FPGA and ARM, which makes it practicable and efficient to measure 3 harmonic components simultaneously for each input channel, which means that each input channel is equivalent to three traditional lock-in amplifiers. Because of two independent input channels in DXA-001C, DXA-001C can detect 6 harmonics (2 fundamentals and 4 harmonics) at one time. The maximum harmonic signal frequency can reach 32,767 times the fundamental frequency, but the maximum harmonic frequency cannot exceed the maximum operating frequency of the instrument by 102 kHz.

Remote Operation

DXA-001C uses RS-232 and USB 2.0 as standard interfaces. Through communication interfaces, all instrument functions can be controlled and all data can be read in real-time. Meanwhile, all interfaces of DXA-001C are distributed on the front panel and the rear panel.

Interfaces

RS-232 to USB interface,

IEEE-488 interface(optional).

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1. What is a lock-in amplifier?

Answer: A lock-in amplifier is a precision electronic instrument used to measure and amplify specific frequency components in a signal. By phase-locking with the input signal, it can accurately extract weak signals buried in noise background. Lock-in amplifiers are commonly used in experimental research and precise measurements in fields such as optics, electronics, and magnetism.

2. How does a lock-in amplifier work?

Answer: The basic principle of a lock-in amplifier is to phase-synchronously lock the signal to be measured with a reference signal, and after filtering, amplification, etc., it outputs a signal in which both amplitude and phase information have been measured. This method effectively extracts weak signals, suppresses background noise, and improves measurement sensitivity and accuracy.

3. What are the application areas of lock-in amplifiers?

Answer: Lock-in amplifiers are widely used in scientific research, industrial production, and precision instrumentation fields. In optical experiments, lock-in amplifiers are used to measure optical interference, optical scattering, and other phenomena; in the electronics field, they are used to detect weak signals and noise interference; in the biomedical field, they are used for control and monitoring of treatment devices, and so on. In general, lock-in amplifiers play an important role in improving signal measurement accuracy and noise suppression.