Magnetic materials play a pivotal role in the vast world of the magnetic industry. The magnetic properties of these materials are rooted in the movement of electrons within the material. When electrons move around the nucleus of an atom, they not only move in a circular motion, but also in a spin motion, which leads to the formation of the magnetic moment of the electrons, which in turn forms the basis of the magnetic properties of the material.
Magnetic domain theory further reveals the source of magnetism in magnetic materials. In ferromagnetic materials, the magnetic moments of atoms are randomly arranged in the absence of an external magnetic field, and the whole does not show magnetic properties. However, when an external magnetic field is applied, these magnetic moments tend to align with the direction of the external magnetic field, creating magnetization. The magnetized material retains a certain amount of magnetism because its internal magnetic domains have been rearranged during the magnetization process.
